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Showcases 100 city-level energy-efficiency practices, emphasizing knowledge-sharing, innovative financing models, and replication strategies. Focuses on building institutional capacity, enabling financing mechanisms, and fostering partnerships to scale sustainable energy actions, aligning urban climate goals with cross-sectoral energy strategies.

Reviews global progress towards a zero-emission, resilient building sector, highlighting materials, nature-based solutions, health, and cooling for resilience as emerging priorities. Introduces the Buildings Climate Tracker to monitor decarbonisation progress, underlining the importance of passive cooling and resilient design in climate action strategies.

Highlights the sector’s high share of global energy use and CO2 emissions, with a temporary emissions drop in 2020 due to COVID-19 economic slowdowns. Stresses the need for energy-efficient building design, improved materials, and low-carbon construction to meet growing floor space demand, indirectly supporting passive cooling in developing economies.

Reviews global progress in building decarbonization, tracking building energy codes, energy efficiency investments, and building materials. While passive cooling is not a central theme, improved thermal envelopes, low-carbon materials, and regional focus on Africa indirectly support passive cooling adoption in hot climates.